Third National Registry of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Mexico (RENAPREC III-2022) / Tercer Registro Nacional de Programas de Rehabilitación Cardiaca en México (RENAPREC III-2022)

Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.

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Comorbilidades relacionadas con la severidad de la COVID-19 en adultos. Hospital San Vicente de Paúl. 2021

Fundamento: el estudio de las características clínicas de las personas contagiadas por COVID-19 ha evidenciado que factores como la edad avanzada, sexo masculino y la presencia de comorbilidades están asociados a la variabilidad clínica de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar las comorbilidades relacionadas con la severidad de la COVID-19. Métodos: investigación realizada en el Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, que incluyó 200 pacientes ingresados por COVID-19. La recolección de información se realizó a través de las historias clínicas y se categorizó el grado de severidad de COVID-19. Se empleó el Chi cuadrado de Pearson con un nivel de significación del 95 %, p≤ 0,005 y la prueba Odds Ratio para estimación de riesgo. Resultados: el 53 % de los pacientes pertenece al sexo masculino y el 61,5 % presentó al menos una comorbilidad; la hipertensión arterial fue la más reportada (35 %); el 70 % predominó con una enfermedad grave y el 2,5 % falleció. Además, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica se asoció a mayor riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad leve a moderada de COVID-19. Conclusiones: el estudio propició realizar un seguimiento acerca de la asociación entre comorbolidades conforme avanzaba la pandemia y utilizar la información como factor pronóstico para orientar la intervención temprana y un abordaje terapéutico adecuado.

Foundation: the study of the clinical characteristics of people infected with COVID-19 has shown that factors such as advanced age, male gender and the presence of comorbidities are associated with the clinical variability of this disease. Objective: to determine the comorbidities related to the severity of COVID-19 infections. Methods: research carried out at the San Vicente de Paul Hospital, which includes 200 patients admitted for COVID-19. The collection of information was carried out through the medical records and the degree of severity of COVID-19 was categorized. Pearson's Chi square was used with a significance level of 95%, p≤ 0.005 and the Odds Ratio test for risk estimation. Results: 53% of the patients belong to the male sex and 61.5% presented at least one comorbidity, and arterial hypertension was the most reported (35%); 70% predominated with a serious disease and 2.5% died. Furthermore, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with an increased risk of developing mild to moderate illness from COVID-19. Conclusions: the study favors monitoring the association between comorbidities as the pandemic progressed and using the information as a prognostic factor to guide early intervention and an appropriate therapeutic approach.

ChatGPT: oportunidades y riesgos en la asistencia, docencia e investigación médica / ChatGPT: opportunities and risks in the fields of medical care, teaching, and research

Resumen ChatGPT es un asistente virtual con inteligencia artificial que utiliza lenguaje natural para comunicarse, es decir, mantiene conversaciones como las que se tendrían con otro humano. Puede aplicarse en educación a todos los niveles, que incluye la educación médica, tanto para la formación, la investigación, la escritura de artículos científicos, la atención clínica y la medicina personalizada. Puede modificar la interacción entre médicos y pacientes para mejorar los estándares de calidad de la atención médica y la seguridad, por ejemplo, al sugerir medidas preventivas en un paciente que en ocasiones no son consideradas por el médico por múltiples causas. Los usos potenciales del ChatGPT en la educación médica, como una herramienta de ayuda en la redacción de artículos científicos, un asistente en la atención para pacientes y médicos para una práctica más personalizada, son algunas de las aplicaciones que se analizan en este artículo. Los aspectos éticos, originalidad, contenido inapropiado o incorrecto, citas incorrectas, ciberseguridad, alucinaciones y plagio son ejemplos de las situaciones a tomar en cuenta al usar las herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial en medicina.

Abstract ChatGPT is a virtual assistant with artificial intelligence (AI) that uses natural language to communicate, i.e., it holds conversations as those that would take place with another human being. It can be applied at all educational levels, including medical education, where it can impact medical training, research, the writing of scientific articles, clinical care, and personalized medicine. It can modify interactions between physicians and patients and thus improve the standards of healthcare quality and safety, for example, by suggesting preventive measures in a patient that sometimes are not considered by the physician for multiple reasons. ChatGPT potential uses in medical education, as a tool to support the writing of scientific articles, as a medical care assistant for patients and doctors for a more personalized medical approach, are some of the applications discussed in this article. Ethical aspects, originality, inappropriate or incorrect content, incorrect citations, cybersecurity, hallucinations, and plagiarism are some examples of situations to be considered when using AI-based tools in medicine.

La medicina y el metaverso: aplicaciones actuales y futuro / Medicine and the metaverse: current applications and future

Resumen Las innovadoras tecnologías del metaverso y el chat GPT4 (basado en inteligencia artificial) están presentes en el discurso cotidiano de la sociedad; recientemente se han introducido en la práctica médica y están provocando importantes cambios. En cuanto al metaverso ("después del universo"), diversas escuelas y facultades de medicina del mundo comienzan a utilizarlo como una estrategia innovadora dirigida a la enseñanza de materias como anatomía, histología, oftalmología y simulación en mundos paralelos (virtuales) para el aprendizaje y supervisión de cirugías, así como para otras aplicaciones en educación médica y en la relación médico-paciente. Si bien debe tomarse en cuenta como un área de oportunidad para la transformación de la medicina, es importante considerar las diversas limitaciones y riesgos del metaverso en la práctica médica, la formación de estudiantes y la relación del médico con los problemas de salud a los que se enfrenta en su práctica.

Abstract Innovative technologies such as the metaverse and chat GPT-4 (based on artificial intelligence) are present in the daily discourse of society; recently, they have been introduced into medical practice and are bringing about important changes. In the case of the metaverse ("beyond the universe"), various medical schools and departments around the world are beginning to use it as an innovative strategy for teaching subjects such as anatomy, histology, ophthalmology, and simulation in parallel (virtual) worlds for learning and supervision of surgeries, as well as for other applications in medical education and in the doctor-patient relationship. Although it should be regarded as an area of opportunity for the transformation of medicine, it is important to consider the various limitations and risks of the metaverse in medical practice, student training, and physicians' relationship with the health problems they have to deal with in their practice.

Comparison between Wright and Shukla formulas: which is better for the placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g? / Comparación entre las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla: ¿cuál es mejor para la colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g?

Abstract Background: Intravascular venous (VUC) or arterial (AUC) umbilical catheter placement is the most frequent invasive procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Either Wright's or Shukla's formula is used to introduce the catheters. However, Shukla's formula is associated with incorrect insertion, especially for newborns < 1500 g. This study aimed to determine by chest X-ray if Wright's formula is better than Shukla's formula for the correct placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g. Methods: We included patients admitted to the NICU of a secondary-level hospital between 2021-2022 who received VUC or AUC through the Wright or Shukla formulas. Results: A total of 129 newborns were included: 78 with VUC and 51 with AUC. In VUC, 50% with Wright and 36.8% with Shukla formulas had the correct location, (p = 0.24). In AUC, 56.6 % with Wright and 52.4% with Shukla formulas were placed correctly placed, (p = 0.76). VUC with weight < 1000 g were correctly placed in 36.4% with Wright and 33.3% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.58). VUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 66.6% with Wright and 38.4% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.065). AUC in newborns < 1000 g were correctly placed in 45% using Wright and 42.9% Shukla formulas (p = 0.63). AUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 80% using Wright and 57.1% Shukla formulas (p = 0.23). Conclusions: We found 13% more correctly placed VUC using Wright's formula. Moreover, Wright's formula was 29% above Shukla's VUC placement in neonates > 1000 g, although there was no significant difference due to the sample size.

Resumen Introducción: La colocación de catéteres intravasculares venosos umbilicales (CVU) y arteriales (CAU) es el procedimiento invasivo más frecuente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Para introducirlos se utilizan las fórmulas de Wright y de Shukla, aunque esta última podría estar asociada con una inserción incorrecta, especialmente en neonatos < 1500 g. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante radiografía de tórax cuál fórmula es mejor para la correcta colocación de catéteres umbilicales en recién nacidos ≤ 1500 g. Métodos: Se incluyeron los pacientes ingresados en la UCIN de un hospital de segundo nivel entre 2021-2022 que recibieron CVU o CAU mediante las fórmulas de Wrigth o Shukla. Resultados: Se incluyeron en total 129 recién nacidos: 78 CVU y 51 CAU. En CVU, Wright 50% y Shukla 36.8% tuvieron localización correcta, p = 0.24. En las CAU, Wright 56.6% y Shukla 52.4% tenían una ubicación correcta, p = 0.76. En CVU con peso < 1000 g, Wright 36.4% y Shukla 33.3% bien situados, p = 0.58. En CVU > 1000 g, Wright 66.6% y Shukla 38.4% bien situados, p = 0.065. En CAU < 1000 g, Wright 45% y Shukla 42.9%, p = 0.63. En CAU con peso > 1000 g, Wright 80% y Shukla 57.1%, p = 0.23. Conclusiones: La colocación del CVU fue 13% mejor con la fórmula de Wright. La fórmula de Wright superó en el 29% la colocación del CVU en los neonatos > 1000 g en comparación con la de Shukla, aunque no hubo diferencia significativa debido al tamaño de la muestra.

True Giant Diverticulum of the Left Colon. A Case Report

This abstract presents a clinical case of a male patient who exhibited clinical symptoms and tomographic findings of an abdominal mass in the descending colon. The diagnostic process and treatment are described, accompanied by a literature review. The review establishes the definition of the condition and its surgical indications. It is important to note that true giant diverticulum of the colon is a rare entity, with fewer than 200 reported cases in the literature.

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente masculino, con clínica y hallazgos tomográficos de masa abdominal en el colon descendente. Se describe el proceso diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura, en la que se establece su definición e indicaciones quirúrgicas, teniendo en cuenta que el divertículo gigante verdadero del colon es una entidad rara, con menos de 200 casos reportados en la literatura.

Complicaciones neurológicas asociadas a la COVID-19. Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, 2021

Fundamento la COVID-19 es causada por el virus del SARS-Cov-2 y presenta una amplia sintomatología, tanto en su fase aguda como en su fase crónica. Entre los sistemas que afecta se encuentra el Nervioso, debido a su mecanismo neurotrópico. Objetivo determinar el riesgo de complicaciones neurológicas asociadas a la severidad de la COVID-19 en pacientes adultos. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, que incluyó a 143 pacientes positivos a COVID-19 atendidos en el Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, de Ibarra, Ecuador, durante el año de 2021. Se analizaron las complicaciones neurológicas y la severidad de la COVID-19. Como medida de asociación para dichas variables, se utilizó Test de Fisher (p = ≤ 0,05) y se realizó un análisis bivariado. Resultados el 54 % de los pacientes presentó complicaciones neurológicas del Sistema Nervioso Central, mientras que el 46 % fue del Sistema Nervioso Periférico; y fue la severidad leve-moderada la de mayor frecuencia (41 %), y la alteración auditiva la que mayor probabilidad estadística tuvo de presentarse (OR= 74,968; IC: 95 %). La tasa de letalidad en estos pacientes fue de 7,1 %; y en aquellos con complicaciones neurológicas, de 8,4 %. Conclusión las secuelas neurológicas con mayor probabilidad de presentarse fueron la alteración auditiva y la alteración del gusto, en pacientes con severidad leve y severidad grave, respectivamente; además de polineuropatía en pacientes con severidad crítica, la cual también se presentó en pacientes fallecidos.

Background COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus and presents a wide range of symptoms, both in its acute phase and in its chronic phase. Among the systems that it affects is the Nervous, due to its neurotropic mechanism. Objective to determine the risk of neurological complications associated with the COVID-19 severity in adult patients. Methods a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, which included 143 positive patients for COVID-19 treated at the San Vicente de Paúl Hospital, in Ibarra, Ecuador, during 2021. Neurological complications and the severity of the COVID-19 disease were analyzed. As a measure of association for these variables, the Fisher Test was used (p = ≤ 0.05) and a bivariate analysis was performed. Results 54% of the patients presented neurological complications of the Central Nervous System, while 46% were of the Peripheral Nervous System; and mild-moderate severity was the most frequent (41%), and hearing impairment had the highest statistical probability of occurring (OR= 74.968; CI: 95%). The case fatality rate in these patients was 7.1%; and in those with neurological complications, 8.4%. Conclusion the neurological sequelae most likely to occur were hearing impairment and taste impairment, in patients with mild severity and serious severity, respectively; in addition to polyneuropathy in patients with critical severity, which also occurred in deceased patients.

Administración de surfactante mediante técnica mínimamente invasiva en neonatos / Administration of Surfactants by Minimally Invasive Technique in Neonates

Introducción: La administración de surfactante pulmonar tradicionalmente se realiza mediante un tubo endotraqueal, pero desde hace años existen técnicas menos invasivas como la administración mediante másscara laríngea, aerosolización y cateterización traqueal. Objetivos: Demostrar la evolución de tres neonatos que recibieron surfactante pulmonar mediante una cateterización traqueal y describir la técnica empleada para su administración. Presentación de casos: Se atendieron tres recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer, que ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital General Docente Iván Portuondo, San Antonio de los Baños, con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del prematuro. Todos se trataron con surfactante pulmonar exógeno, Surfacen®, el cual se administró mediante cateterización traqueal empleando un catéter umbilical. Se trata de una técnica mínimamente invasiva que se realizó sin dificultades y siempre en el primer intento. Los tres pacientes mostraron mejoría clínica, gasométrica y radiográfica con esta forma de administración y solo uno de ellos tuvo una complicación durante el proceder, que no constituyó una limitante para su realización. Este método permitió mantener una ventilación no invasiva, y fue innecesaria la intubación endotraqueal en los neonatos. Los profesionales encargados de la ejecución de esta técnica recibieron entrenamiento previo. Conclusiones: La administración mínimamente invasiva de surfactante pulmonar resultó un método eficaz con el que se consiguió la resolución total del cuadro de dificultad respiratoria en los neonatos. El procedimiento empleado permitió una administración rápida y segura del Surfacen®(AU)

Introduction: Pulmonary surfactant administration is traditionally performed by endotracheal tube, but for years there have been less invasive techniques such as administration by laryngeal mask, aerosolization and tracheal catheterization. Objectives: To demonstrate the evolution of three neonates who received pulmonary surfactant via tracheal catheterization and to describe the technique used for its administration. Case presentation: Three very low birth weight newborns were attended and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Iván Portuondo General Teaching Hospital, at San Antonio de los Baños municipality, with preterm respiratory distress syndrome. All were treated with exogenous pulmonary surfactant, Surfacen®, which was administered by tracheal catheterization using an umbilical catheter. This is a minimally invasive technique that was performed without difficulty and always on the first attempt. The three patients showed clinical, gasometric and radiographic improvement with this form of administration and only one of them had a complication during the procedure, which did not constitute a limitation for its performance. This method allowed maintaining non-invasive ventilation, and endotracheal intubation was unnecessary in neonates. The professionals in charge of performing this technique received previous training. Conclusions: Minimally invasive administration of pulmonary surfactant was an effective method that achieved total resolution of respiratory distress in neonates. The procedure used allowed rapid and safe administration of Surfacen®(AU)

Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Getting to Know Gender Related Disparities

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are often indistinctly used terms. Both combined have generated, over the past years, concerns about sex disparities in their presentation. From an epidemiological perspective, females have several disadvantages regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD. Most of the general cardiovascular risk factors affect women more frequently, or with a higher morbidity and mortality association. Besides, atypical manifestations of the disease and uncommon forms of CAD represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Even if current treatments for CAD have no apparent sex bias, women representation in clinical trials and treatment patterns analyzed in clinical practice refuse this statement. Several disparities are caused by inevitable sex-particularities, but many of them are more social, cultural, and dogmatic beliefs that have to be addressed and overhaul.

Desarrollo linguo-comunicativo en el Inglés con fines profesionales. Un estudio de caso

Un apreciable impacto lo constituye el desarrollo linguo-comunicativo en el Inglés con fines profesionales del estomatólogo para la comunicación profesional, sus habilidades comunicativas mejoran con la práctica intensiva y extensiva del idioma extranjero, lo cual garantiza adaptar la comunicación a los contextos diversos (docencia, asistencia e investigación) y posibilita la construcción de un discurso basado en su producción oral. Presentamos el caso de una estomatóloga que ingresó en el curso de superación idiomática y descubrimos aptitudes para la lengua extranjera, se les realizaron pruebas orales y escritas en situaciones comunicativas profesionales y su trayectoria se elevó con su preparación hasta obtener los niveles B1 y B2 según el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas y sus suscriptores. El desarrollo linguo-comunicativo en el Inglés con Fines Profesionales (IFP) en estomatología si no se entrena con sistematicidad implica una disminución en lo lingüístico-profesional estomatológica y reduce ampliamente el nivel científico actualizado por los resultados que el mundo de la ciencia estomatológica engloba en los circuitos internacionales de poder de información anglófonos. Ante la creciente demanda de la preparación idiomática para los profesionales de la salud de la provincia, se necesita evaluar y entrenar la capacidad lingüístico-profesional en los estomatólogos. El estudio de caso demuestra que con una intensiva y extensiva práctica del IFP se puede comunicar el estomatólogo en los contextos diversos (docencia, asistencia e investigación).

An appreciable impact is the linguo-communicative development in English for professional purposes of the stomatologist for professional communication, their communicative skills improve with the intensive and extensive practice of the foreign language, which guarantees to adapt communication to different contexts (teaching, assistance and research) and enables the construction of a discourse based on their oral production. We present the case of a stomatologist who entered the language improvement course and we discovered foreign language skills, oral and written tests were carried out in professional communicative situations and her career rose with her preparation to obtain levels B1 and B2 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and its subscribers. The linguo-communicative development in English for Professional Purposes (IFP) in stomatology if it is not trained systematically implies a decrease in the linguistic-professional stomatology and greatly reduces the scientific level updated by the results that the world of stomatological science encompasses in the international circuits of English-speaking information power. Given the growing demand for language preparation for health professionals in the province, it is necessary to evaluate and train the linguistic-professional capacity in stomatologists. The case study demonstrates that with an intensive and extensive practice of the IFP the stomatologist can communicate in the different contexts (teaching, assistance and research).

Um impacto apreciável é o desenvolvimento linguo-comunicativo em inglês para fins profissionais do estomatologista para a comunicação profissional, suas habilidades comunicativas melhoram com a prática intensiva e extensiva da língua estrangeira, o que garante a adaptação da comunicação a diferentes contextos (ensino, assistência e pesquisa) e possibilita a construção de um discurso a partir de sua produção oral. Apresentamos o caso de uma estomatóloga que ingressou no curso de aperfeiçoamento linguístico e descobrimos habilidades em língua estrangeira, testes orais e escritos foram realizados em situações comunicativas profissionais e sua carreira aumentou com sua preparação para obter os níveis B1 e B2 de acordo com o Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para Línguas e seus assinantes. O desenvolvimento linguo-comunicativo em Inglês para Fins Profissionais (IFP) em estomatologia, se não for treinado sistematicamente, implica uma diminuição da estomatologia linguístico-profissional e reduz sobremaneira o nível científico, atualizado pelos resultados que o mundo da ciência estomatológica engloba nos circuitos internacionais de poder informacional de língua inglesa. Dada a crescente demanda de preparação linguística para os profissionais de saúde na província, faz-se necessário avaliar e treinar a capacidade linguístico-profissional em estomatologistas. O estudo de caso demonstra que com uma prática intensiva e extensiva do IFP o estomatologista pode se comunicar nos diferentes contextos (ensino, assistência e pesquisa).

High prevalence of hepatitis A and E viruses in environmental and clinical samples from West Argentina

ABSTRACT Environmental surveillance of water sources is important to monitoring viral hepatitis transmission in clinical settings. This study investigated the circulation of hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses in sewage and clinical samples from Argentina. Between 2016 and 2017, 80 raw sewage samples and 86 clinical samples (stool and serum) from suspected cases of hepatitis A and hepatitis E were obtained. HAV and HEV were tested by both real-time and nested PCR. Positive samples were sequenced for genotype determination and phylogenetic analysis. Overall, HAV was recovered in 39% of sewage samples and 61.1% of clinical samples. HEV was detected in 22.5% of sewage samples and 15.9% of clinical samples. HAV was found more frequently in sewage during the winter and in clinical samples in spring; HEV was more prevalent in sewage during summer and in clinical samples in autumn. All HAV isolates belonged to genotype IA and HEV isolates belonged to genotype 3, the most prevalent genotypes in South America. High prevalence of HAV and HEV in environmental and clinical samples in Mendoza, Argentina was observed. These findings reinforce the importance of environmental surveillance and implementation of health strategies to control the spread of HAV and HEV in developing countries.

Challenges and perspectives in research and teaching of host pathogen interaction topics: new post-pandemic times to Brazil and other South American countries

Here is our proposal to improve learning in biomedical sciences for graduate and undergraduate courses with a broad vision integrating disciplines such as molecular cell biology, biochemistry, and biophysics around concepts of pathogen interaction within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Our paradigm is based on the possibility offered by the pandemic to have remote activities that give access to students and researchers from different places in Brazil and Latin American countries to discuss science. A multidisciplinary view of host-pathogen interaction allows us to understand better the mechanisms involved in the pathology of diseases, as well as to formulate broad strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of thereof. The approach to integrating heterogeneous groups in science involves the critical analysis of national scientific resource distribution, where only some have the possibilities to conduct competitive scientific research. Solid theoretical training, contact, collaboration with groups of excellence, and training within a multidisciplinary network are our proposals for a permanent platform of scientific strengthening and dissemination for Latin America. Here we will review the concept of host-pathogen interaction, the type of institutions where it is taught and researched, new trends in active teaching methodologies, and the current political context in science.

REACTIVE ARTHRITIS AS CLINICAL SUSPICION OF COVID-19 INFECTION

Rheumatic manifestations occur relatively frequently in the course of COVID-19. In the cases of paucisymptomatic patients they constitute an element of clinical suspicion for the de?nitive diagnosis of the disease. Reactive arthritis is the most common rheumatic manifestation seen in COVID-19. The objective of this work is to report the case of a female patient in which the presence of reactive arthritis constitutes the elements of suspicion for the de?nitive diagnosis of the disease. It is concluded that rheumatic manifestations constitute an important element of suspicion to diagnose COVID-19, mainly in patients without respiratory manifestations of the disease.

Perception of quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A five-year study

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and chronic disease that considerably affects the perception of health-related quality of life. Objective: To determine the perception of quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methodology: Descriptive and correlational study; universe of 143 patients and a sample of 127 patients to whom the Short Form 36 questionnaire was applied to determine perception of health-related quality of life; the SLEDAI questionnaire to determine clinical activity, the SLICC to identify organic damage and the Morisky Green test to identify pharmacological adherence. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between the study variables. Results: Mean age of 32.83 years, predominance of female patients (92.91%) and with disease progression of between one and 5 years (69.29%). Of the patients, 75.59% had at least one associated comorbidity and 80.31% were considered pharmacological adherents. The overall quality of life perception score was 61.02 points in women and 59.03 points in men. In general, the most affected dimensions were the emotional role in women and vitality in men. Conclusions: The increase in disease progression time, the presence of associated comorbidities and pharmacological non-adherence were variables that determined a decrease in the mean scores of perception of quality of life. There was a strong negative correlation between clinical activity of the disease and perception of quality of life.

Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune, inflamatoria y crónica que afecta considerablemente la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, universo de 143 pacientes y muestra de 127, a los cuales se les aplicó el cuestionario Short Form 36 para determinar la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, el cuestionario Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), a fin de establecer la actividad clínica, el SLICC, con el propósito de identificar el daño orgánico, y el test de Morisky-Green, a efectos de evaluar la adherencia farmacológica. Se utilizó coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para determinarla asociación entre las variables del estudio. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 32,83 anos, predominio de pacientes femeninas (92,91%) y con tiempo de evolución entre uno y cinco anos (69,29%). El 75,59% de los pacientes presentó al menos una comorbilidad asociada y el 80,31% se consideró adherente farmacológico. La puntuación de percepción de la calidad de vida global fue de 61,02 puntos en mujeres y 59,03 puntos en hombres. De forma general, las dimensiones más afectadas fueron el rol emocional en las féminas y la vitalidad en los hombres. Conclusiones: El aumento del tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, la presencia de comorbilidades asociadas y la no adherencia farmacológica constituyeron variables que determinaron una disminución de las puntuaciones medias de percepción de la calidad de vida. Hubo correlación negativa fuerte entre actividad clínica de la enfermedad y percepción de la calidad de vida.

Compression of images of dermatological manifestations of paucisymptomatic COVID-19 patients through periodic principal components / Compresión de imágenes de manifestaciones dermatológicas de pacientes paucisintomáticos de COVID-19 mediante componentes principales periódicos

Introduction: The management of medical images has been gaining followers based on the advantages it offers for the diagnosis of diseases, which, like COVID-19, present with clinical manifestations that can be captured in the form of images. Objective: Take advantage of the quasi-periodicity of the principal components (PCs) in the decomposition into PCs of medical images, which represent dermatological manifestations in paucisymptomatic patients of COVID-19. Methods: Here, a set of photos was taken of one of the most frequent patterns in COVID-19, the maculopapular pattern, characterized by an erythmatopapular rash, and compression of one of the medical images was performed. Said compression was carried out in different ways: (1) using two PCs, (2) using both a periodic PC and a non-periodic PC, (3) using two periodic PCs, (4) using a single PC, and (5) using a single periodic PC. Result: The results of this research proved that it is possible to work with acceptable reconstructions of compressed images in the field of dermatology, without losing the quality and characteristics that allow to reach a correct diagnosis. In addition, this achievement permits to correctly classify many diseases without fear of being wrong. Conclusion: With the method presented, the use of a robust medical image compression technique that could be very useful in the field of health is proposed. The images allow the diagnosis of diseases such as COVID-19 in paucisymptomatic patients, understanding them allows minimizing their weight without losing quality, which facilitates their use and storage.

Introducción: El empleo de imágenes médicas en el diagnóstico de enfermedades ha ido ganando adeptos. Un ejemplo es la COVID-19 que cursa con manifestaciones clínicas dermatológicas. Objetivo: Aprovechar la cuasi-periodicidad de los componentes principales de la descomposición en imágenes médicas, que representan manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes paucisintomáticos de COVID-19. Métodos: Se tomó un conjunto de fotografías de uno de los patrones más frecuentes en la COVID-19 (el patrón maculopapular), caracterizado por un exantema eritematopapular, y se realizó la compresión de una de las imágenes médicas. Dicha compresión se realizó de diferentes formas: (1) usando dos componentes principales, (2) usando tanto un componente principal periódico como no periódico, (3) dos componentes principales periódicos, (4) un único componente principal, y (5) un solo componente principal periódico. Resultados: Es posible trabajar con reconstrucciones aceptables de imágenes comprimidas en el campo de la dermatología, sin perder la calidad y características que permitan llegar a un diagnóstico correcto. Además, este logro permite clasificar correctamente muchas enfermedades sin miedo a equivocarse. Conclusiones: Con el método presentado se propone el uso de una técnica robusta de compresión de imágenes médicas que podría ser de gran utilidad en el campo de la salud. Las imágenes permiten el diagnóstico de enfermedades como la COVID-19 en pacientes paucisintomáticos, con cuya compresión se minimiza su peso sin perder la calidad, lo que facilita su uso y almacenamiento.

Papel de la atención psicopedagógica en el sistema educativo / Role of psychopedagogical care in the educational system

La educación es un proceso complejo en cualquiera de los niveles educativos. Los educandos pueden sentir distintas sensaciones como miedo, inseguridad, alegría, temor y ansiedad que condicionan la actitud y predisposición al régimen educativo. La adaptación al proceso se hace diferente en cada estudiante y depende de la capacidad propia de vencer, controlar o modificar los sentimientos que se generan. En ocasiones, es necesario la orientación profesional, como alternativa orientadora, para lograr una mejor adaptación de los estudiantes al medio que los rodea y que no se afecte su rendimiento académico ni su comportamiento social. La atención psicopedagógica se considera una herramienta metodológica de apoyo al sistema educativo, cuya importancia no es dimensionada correctamente en muchas ocasiones(AU)

Education is a complex process at any educational level. Learners can feel different sensations such as fear, insecurity, happiness, fear and anxiety that condition the attitude and predisposition to the educational system. Adaptation to the process is different for each student and depends on their own ability to overcome, control or modify the feelings that are generated. Sometimes professional guidance is necessary, as a guidance alternative, to achieve a better adaptation of students to the environment that surrounds them and that neither their academic performance nor their social behavior is affected. Psychopedagogical attention is considered a methodological tool to support the educational system, whose importance is not correctly dimensioned on many occasions(AU)

Fecopneumothorax secondary to a late traumatic diaphragmatic injury

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernias were first described by Ambroise Paré in 1579, who reported the case of an artillery captain, that presented an intestinal perforation that had caused a diaphragmatic hernia (Bhatti and Dawani, 2015). The timely diagnosis of a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia can be a challenge, which requires extensive knowledge of the kinematics of trauma, as well as clinical and radiological evidence (Petrone et al., 2017). We present the case of a 60-year-old male who presented blunt abdominal trauma due to a traffic accident, causing an undetected diaphragmatic hernia in his initial evaluation; months after de incident goes to the emergency room (ER) with hemodynamic instability and septic shock. A diagnosis of complicated diaphragmatic hernia and fecopneumothorax is made, for which he undergoes surgery.

Trombosis de vena mesentérica superior como complicación de apendicitis aguda: una entidad poco frecuente / Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis as a complication of acute appendicitis: a rare entity

Las complicaciones de la apendicitis aguda ha sido ampliamente descrita en la literatura; la trombosis venosa mesenterica es una manifestación poco común de esta patologia correspondiento a menos del 1 % de frecuencia, esto puede desorientar al cirujano general al coexistir en el cuadro de apendicitis aguda. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 58 años, con dolor abdominal de 5 días de evolución, con sintomatologia poco especifica para el diagnóstico concreto de apendicitis. Se realizó una tomografía computarizada de abdomen con hallazgos de apendicitis aguda y trombososis venosa mesenterica con un coágulo de 11.5 cm. Se hizó también apendicectomia abierta y se inició anticoagulación al egreso hospitalario.

The complications of acute appendicitis have been widely described in the literature; Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare manifestation of this pathology corresponding to less than 1% frequency, this can confuse the general surgeon as it coexists with acute appendicitis. We present the case of a 58-year-old male patient, with abdominal pain of 5 days of evolution, with symptoms that are not very specific for the specific diagnosis of appendicitis. Computed tomography of the abdomen was performed with findings of acute appendicitis and mesenteric venous thrombosis with a clot of 11.5 cm. An open appendectomy was performed and anticoagulation was started on hospital discharge.

Actividad del sistema inmune en pacientes reumáticos

Las enfermedades reumáticas son un grupo de afecciones, la mayoría de ellas con afectación inmunológica y compromiso sistémico, que generan distintos grados de discapacidad funcional y disminución de la percepción de calidad de vida de los pacientes que las padecen. Constituyen una de las primeras causas de discapacidad, de invalidez temporal y definitiva, de afectación laboral y se sitúan dentro de los 10 primeros motivos de consultas en el primer nivel de atención de salud. Los pacientes con este tipo de enfermedad han sido considerados como pacientes inmunodeprimidos lo cual no se corresponde directamente con los mecanismos de producción de la gran mayoría de las enfermedades reumáticas. En el presente reporte se abordan los mitos y realidades que engloban a las enfermedades reumáticas y la supuesta inmunosupresión que generan, desde la perspectiva etiopatogénica. El esclarecimiento de estos elementos es indispensable para poder enfrentar adecuadamente, desde el punto de vista terapéutico y de autocuidado a los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas. Se concluye, que con base en los elementos etiopatogénicos de las enfermedades reumáticas y el análisis de la expresión de la respuesta inmunológica normal y en pacientes reumáticos, estos no pueden ser considerados como personas inmunodeprimidas. La prescripción de inmunosupresores se realiza con la finalidad de restaurar la respuesta inmunológica normal.

Rheumatic diseases are a group of conditions, most of them with immunological affectation and systemic compromise, which generate different degrees of functional disability and decrease in the perception of quality of life of the patients who suffer from them. They constitute one of the main causes of disability, of temporary and definitive invalidity, of labor affectation and are among the first 10 reasons for consultations in the first level of health care. Patients with this type of disease have been considered immunocompromised, which does not correspond directly to the mechanisms of production of the vast majority of rheumatic diseases. This report addresses the myths and realities that encompass rheumatic diseases and the supposed immunosuppression they generate, from the etiopathogenic perspective of this group of diseases. The clarification of these elements is essential to be able to deal adequately, from the therapeutic and self-care point of view, with patients with rheumatic diseases. It is concluded that, based on the etiopathogenic elements of rheumatic diseases and the analysis of the expression of the normal immune response and in rheumatic patients, these cannot be considered as immunosuppressed people. The prescription of immunosuppressants is made in order to restore the normal immune response.